Many experts initially expected the irrigation project to increase crop yields across the region. However, surveys carried out ten years later revealed that salt had accumulated in the soil, making large areas unsuitable for farming.
実際の公式問題集でも、howeverの後ろがそのまま正解根拠になっています。パッセージ「Making the most of trends」には、不況期の高級バッグブランドCoachの対応について、次の一節があります。
本文(抜粋)
... the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand's image. Instead, they initiated a consumer-research project ...
設問
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
28
According to the third paragraph, Coach's decision to introduce the Poppy range was to
Afollow what some of its competitors were doing.
Bmaintain its prices through a difficult time.
Csafeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods.
Dtake advantage of consumers' desire for lower-priced goods.
パッセージ「The White Horse of Uffington」(イングランドの丘に刻まれた白馬の地上絵)では、due toとthusを含む一文がTrue/False/Not Givenの根拠になっています。
本文(抜粋)
... over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place, thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.
設問
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
7
The shape of some geoglyphs has been altered over time.
TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
正解TRUE
「人々が毎回まったく同じ場所を削るとは限らなかった」という原因(due to以下)が、「元の地上絵とは違う形が生まれた」という結果(thus以下)につながっています。設問文のhas been altered over timeは、この因果関係全体を短くパラフレーズしたものです。因果マーカーを見つけたら、「原因は何か、結果は何か」を頭の中で一往復させておくと、設問に出会ったときに素早く該当箇所へ戻れます。
04例示・強調マーカー:例そのものより「何の説明か」
for exampleやsuch asのような例示のマーカーも、設問と深い関わりがあります。ただし、逆接や因果とは少し性質が異なります。
例示:for example / for instance / such as / including / in particular
パッセージ「Case Study: Tourism New Zealand website」では、such asの前にある一般論が設問化されています。
本文(抜粋)
... visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life ...
設問
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
11
Visitors to New Zealand like to become involved in the local culture.
パッセージ「The future of work」では、AIと雇用について複数の研究者の発言が引用されており、その引用がそのままMatching Peopleの設問群になっています。経済学者Hamish Lowが登場する箇所を、引用符の前後も含めて見てみましょう。
本文(抜粋)
Economist Professor Hamish Low believes that the future of work will involve major transitions across the whole life course for everyone: 'The traditional trajectory of full-time education followed by full-time work followed by a pensioned retirement is a thing of the past,' says Low.
(中略)
On the subject of job losses, Low believes the predictions are founded on a fallacy: 'It assumes that the number of jobs is fixed. If in 30 years, half of 100 jobs are being carried out by robots, that doesn't mean we are left with just 50 jobs for humans. The number of jobs will increase: we would expect there to be 150 jobs.'
設問
Look at the following statements and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B or C.
35
Greater levels of automation will not result in lower employment.
AStella Pachidi
BHamish Low
CEwan McGaughey
正解B
注目したいのは、引用符の直前に必ず「誰の発言か」が示されている点です。Economist Professor Hamish Lowという肩書きつきの人物紹介や、believesのような発言を導く動詞が引用の目印になります。そして引用中のThe number of jobs will increaseが、設問文ではwill not result in lower employmentへとパラフレーズされています。このパッセージでは、Matching Peopleの6問すべてが、こうした発言の引用や研究者の見解の紹介を根拠にしています。発言の引用が多いパッセージでは、「誰が・どの立場で・何を言ったか」を発言者名の近くに簡単にメモしながら読むと、照合のスピードが一気に上がります。