次に縦軸と横軸に注目します。縦軸は何を表しているのか、横軸は何を表しているのかを必ず確認しましょう。縦軸が数値を表している場合には、その数値の単位にも注意が必要です。特に単位の後に「(in millions)」などと書かれている場合には、その意味をしっかりと確認しましょう。いずれの棒グラフでも、縦軸が「in million tonnes(100万トン)」であることがわかります。つまりグラフの数値が1.0の場合はレポート内では「1 million tonnes」と、数値が3.3の場合は「3.3 million tonnes」などと表記する必要があります。ちなみに「million」自体は形容詞なので「3 millions」のように表記することはできません。
Band 6以上が必要な方は、グラフ全体の傾向を示すセンテンス、すなわちオーバービューを書くことが求められています。オーバービューとは、グラフの特徴を一言で表したものです。オーバービューはイントロダクションにまとめて書くこともできますし、最後の段落に要旨として書くこともできます。採点基準表には以下のように書かれています。
Band Descriptors(TA)
Band 7: presents a clear overview of main trends, differences or stages Band 6: presents an overview with information appropriately selected
先ほどの棒グラフ①を例に見てみましょう。オーバービューは以下のようになります。
Overall, the consumption of coffee was higher than that of tea in all five countries.
関連のあるものを比較するためには、同じカテゴリーのものを比較することが重要です。棒グラフ①を例に見てみましょう。棒グラフ①では、国別のコーヒーと紅茶の消費量を比較していますが、「イギリスの紅茶の消費量(1.1 million tonnes)は日本のコーヒーの消費量(0.42 million tonnes)の2倍以上である」といったところで、これら2つの数値は関連性がそれほどありませんので、比較の意味がありません。あくまで比較の意味がある(と考える)ものを比較するようにしましょう。
The graph below shows the percentage of the population aged 65 and over in Japan, South Korea, and Australia from 2000 to 2020, with projections for 2030, 2040, and 2050.
This line graph illustrates the proportion of people aged 65 or older in Japan, South Korea, and Australia between 2000 and 2050. Overall, all three countries have experienced, and are expected to continue experiencing, marked growth in their senior populations during this 50-year span.
Japan consistently shows the highest percentages, rising from 17% in 2000 to 28% in 2020. Although the pace of increase is projected to slow slightly, forecasts indicate that Japan's older adult population will surpass 30% by 2030 and reach around 37.5% by 2050.
Meanwhile, Australia, which had the second-highest rate at 12% in 2000, reached 16% by 2020. Its growth has been more gradual, but it is predicted to hit 20% by 2030 and exceed 25% in 2050.
South Korea, in contrast, started at a mere 7% in 2000. Following a notable shift after surpassing 10% in 2010, it climbed to 15% by 2020. By 2030, South Korea is expected to outpace Australia at 24%, approach roughly one-third by 2040, and ultimately converge with Japan's rate by 2050.
This bar graph presents the usage rates of four major social media platforms — LINE, Facebook, Instagram, and X — across five different age groups in Japan. Overall, all platforms but one show a downward trend in usage with increasing age.
LINE is the most widely used platform across all age groups, with particularly high usage rates among teenagers and those in their 20s and 30s, around 90% in each group. The rate gradually decreases by about 10% per group for those in their 40s and 50s. Instagram is the second most popular platform, with approximately 70% usage among teenagers and those in their 20s, and 60% in their 30s. However, its popularity drops sharply to 40% in the 40s and to just 20% among the oldest group. X follows a similar pattern, starting at 60% in the teens and 20s, then falling by 10% with each older group, reaching only 20% among people in their 50s.
In contrast, Facebook shows a different trend. Only one in ten teenagers and one in five people in their 20s use it. Its peak is among those in their 30s, at 45%, then declines to 38% in the 40s and 30% in the 50s. It is the only platform that never exceeds 50% usage in any age group.
「一方」と言う表現をする際に「On the contrary, ...」を使う受験生も多くみられますが、用法に注意が必要な表現ですので注意しましょう。「On the contrary, ...」は「前の文の内容を否定する」という意味合いが強く、「それどころか、むしろ」と言うような強い意味合いを持ちます。
Many expected the new policy to be unpopular. On the contrary, it received overwhelming support from the public.
新しい政策が不人気になると予想していた人が多かった。それどころか、国民から圧倒的な支持を受けた。
It is often argued that memorisation hinders critical thinking. On the contrary, evidence suggests that rote learning can provide a foundation for deeper analytical skills.
The two pie charts give information about the pet ownership situation in Japan and Australia in 2010, divided into five categories: Cat, Dog, Bird, Multiple (meaning more than one pet), and None (no pets). Overall, a large majority of people in one country do not own a pet, whereas more than half of those living in the other country do.
In Japan, 65% of the population does not own any pets, while in Australia, this figure is only 25%. In Japan, dog owners account for 16%, and cat owners make up 12%. Birds are kept by only around 2% of the population, while households with multiple pets are as rare as one in twenty people.
By contrast, in Australia, approximately three quarters of the population own at least one type of pet. Among them, dogs are the most popular animals, held by just over a third of people, followed by cats at one-quarter. Birds stand at 5%, while households that keep multiple pets make up about 10% of the total population.
The table gives information about the percentage of the population that contracted influenza, along with the number of deaths caused by the virus, in the USA, China, and Japan for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. Overall, all three countries witnessed a significant drop in both incidence rates and death tolls in 2020.
In 2019, all three countries recorded relatively high incidence rates, with Japan having the highest at 10.2%, followed by the United States at 8.5% and China at 7.0%. The number of deaths was also highest in this year: China reported 30,000 deaths, while the United States and Japan recorded 22,000 and 3,000 deaths respectively.
However, in 2020, incidence rates dropped sharply across all countries. The USA's rate declined to 0.4%, China's to 0.3%, and Japan's to just 0.2%. Deaths fell significantly as a result.
In 2021, a slight increase in both incidence rates and deaths was observed, though the numbers remained far below 2019 levels. The incidence rates in the USA, China, and Japan were 0.7%, 0.5%, and 0.4% respectively.
しかし、これはあくまで「推測」であり、グラフにそのような情報はありません。あくまで与えられたデータを元にレポートを作成することが求められています。採点基準表の「Task Achievement」の「Band 5」には、「there may be no data to support the description(説明を裏付けるデータがない場合がある)」と書かれています。つまり、グラフにない情報は書く必要がないどころか、書いてはいけないということです。
The maps illustrate the current layout of a certain suburb in Australia and the proposed development plan for the area one year later. Overall, the suburb is expected to undergo significant changes, especially with the replacement of residential houses with commercial facilities and recreational infrastructure.
At present, the suburb contains several individual houses and trees surrounding a cul-de-sac, along with a café, a burger shop, and a car park near the main road. The car park currently accommodates three cars.
According to the development plan, most of the houses and trees will be removed to make way for new shops and public facilities. While the existing café and burger shop will remain, they will be relocated along the cul-de-sac and joined by a pizza shop and an ice cream shop. A gym is scheduled to be constructed in the upper-right corner, and a clinic will be added at the current location of the burger shop. A park with playground equipment will also be introduced between the gym and the clinic. In addition, the original car park will be replaced by several new parking spaces positioned along both sides of the inner road.
The diagram illustrates the process of how a food delivery order is placed, processed, and completed. Overall, the system ensures that customers receive the food they ordered without having to leave their home, thanks to streamlined digital coordination between the restaurant, the delivery system, and the delivery personnel.
The process begins with a customer at home using a smartphone or laptop to send a food order to an online server. Once the order is received, the server sends out notifications to multiple delivery personnel, including those using bicycles, motorbikes, and cars. From these options, one available delivery person is selected to handle the order.
After being assigned the task, the chosen driver travels to the designated restaurant and picks up the prepared food. The driver then proceeds to deliver it directly to the customer's home. Upon arrival at the customer's house, the order is handed over, successfully completing the process.