The capital moved to Kyoto in 794, and the emperor lived there until the 1860s.
That's why the city still has so many temples and old wooden buildings.
世界遺産は「どこが」まで言う
京都の寺や神社などは、1994年に古都京都の文化財としてユネスコの世界遺産に登録されています。対象は寺社と城を合わせた17の文化財で、京都市だけでなく宇治市と滋賀県の大津市にあるものも含まれます。Kyoto is a World Heritage Site. と街全体が登録されているように言うより、建物の集まりが登録されていると言うほうが実態に合います。
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Kyoto is a World Heritage Site.英語としては通じるが、街全体が登録されているように聞こえる
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Seventeen sites in and around Kyoto, including temples, shrines and a castle, are listed together as a single World Heritage Site.登録されているのが建物の集まりであることが伝わる
you usually walk through a gate called a torii to get in
鳥居
a torii gate
a gate at the entrance to a shrine, often painted bright red
町家
machiya
traditional wooden townhouses, narrow at the front and long at the back
舞妓
maiko
young women training to become geiko, Kyoto's word for geisha
金閣寺は名前の意味で説明する
金閣寺の正式な名前は鹿苑寺で、Kinkaku-ji は金色の建物を指す通称です。英語では the Temple of the Golden Pavilion と呼ばれることが多く、この呼び名自体が見た目の説明になっています。pavilion は、庭園などに建つ小ぶりの建物を指す語です。
Kinkaku-ji is often called the Temple of the Golden Pavilion.
The top two floors are covered in gold leaf, and the building is reflected in the pond in front of it.
-ji はもともと寺という意味なので、Kinkaku-ji Temple は意味が重なっています。とはいえ現地の英語の案内でもよく使われる形で、聞き手にとっては寺だと分かる利点があります。気になるなら、Kinkaku-ji, a temple in the north of the city のように説明を後ろに回すと重なりが消えます。
Fushimi Inari is a very famous and beautiful shrine.famous と beautiful はどの名所にも言えるので、何が見られるのかが伝わらない
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Fushimi Inari is a shrine where thousands of red torii gates line the paths up the mountain, so it feels like walking through a tunnel.何があって、歩くとどう感じるのかまで言えている
Kyoto is in western Japan. / It was Japan's capital for more than a thousand years.
2 何があるか
建物、通り、景色、季節
There are ... / What stands out is ...
3 そこで何をしたか
行った時期、誰と行ったか、どこを回ったか
I went there on a school trip when I was ... / We spent the day ...
4 自分にとってどんな場所か
そのとき感じたこと、今どう思っているか
What I remember most is ... / Looking back, ...
Part 1 短く答える
Q. Are there any historical buildings in your hometown?
Not really, but I grew up about an hour from Kyoto, which was Japan's capital for a very long time. So whenever I wanted to see old temples, I just took the train there.
Cue Card: Describe a city you visited or lived in.
I'd like to talk about Kyoto, which was Japan's capital for more than a thousand years before the emperor moved to Tokyo.
Because of that long history, the city is full of temples, shrines and old wooden townhouses. The streets in the centre are laid out in a grid, so even first-time visitors don't get lost easily.
I first went there on a school trip when I was fifteen, and I went back with two friends last November. We walked up to Fushimi Inari, where thousands of red gates line the path up the mountain, and in the evening we wandered around Gion. It was very crowded, but the side streets were surprisingly quiet.
On the school trip I was bored most of the time, to be honest. The second time, I enjoyed it much more, maybe because I chose where to go myself. I think late autumn is the best time to visit, when the leaves turn red, although you have to accept that half the country has the same idea.
Q. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mass tourism for a city like Kyoto?
The main advantage is money. In Kyoto, for example, tourism supports a lot of small shops and helps pay for looking after old buildings. The downside is that daily life gets harder for the people who live there. Buses are packed, and some neighbourhoods have had to close their lanes to visitors. So I think tourism works best when a city limits where visitors go, rather than trying to stop them from coming.
Kyoto was Japan's capital for more than a thousand years. と言うのがいちばん早く伝わります。そのあとに so it's full of old temples and shrines のように続けると、なぜ古いものが多いのかまで伝えられます。a traditional city with a long history だけでは、ほかの古い街との違いが見えません。
-ji が寺という意味なので意味は重なっていますが、現地の英語の案内でもよく使われる形です。重なりを避けたいなら、the Temple of the Golden Pavilion と呼ぶか、Kinkaku-ji, a temple in the north of the city のように説明を後ろに回します。
京都は世界遺産だと言ってよいですか
世界遺産に登録されているのは街全体ではなく、古都京都の文化財としてまとめられた、寺社と城を合わせた17の文化財です。京都市のほか、宇治市と大津市にあるものも含まれます。Seventeen sites in and around Kyoto are listed. のように言うと実態に合います。
観光客で混んでいることは crowded by と crowded with のどちらですか
場所が人でいっぱいだと言うときは crowded with を使うのが普通で、The temples are crowded with tourists. となります。foreigners より foreign tourists や visitors from overseas のほうが、観光の話としては落ち着いて聞こえます。
京都を英語で説明するときに話が止まるのは、traditional や history で説明した気になり、そこから先の中身を用意していないからです。1000年以上都だったという事実を入り口にして、何があるのか、自分がそこで何をしたのかを足していけば、Part 1 から Part 3 まで同じ材料で話せます。
京都は Japan's capital for more than a thousand years と言うと、ほかの古い街との違いが伝わる