small round dumplings made from rice flour, stacked in a pyramid
すすき
Japanese silver grass
tall grass with silvery plumes that grows in autumn
里芋
taro
a root vegetable harvested around this time of year
お供え
offerings
food and plants placed as offerings to the moon
月見団子
月見団子は、米粉で作った丸い団子で、丸い形は月を表すとされています。十五夜には15個を供えるという説明がよく見られ、下から9個、4個、2個と積み上げる形が知られています。数や並べ方は地域や家庭で違うので、英語では usually や often を付けて話すとよいでしょう。
すすき
すすきは、稲穂に見立てて供えるという説明や、神様が宿るものとして飾るという説明があります。どちらの説明でも、秋の収穫と結びついた飾りだと言えます。英語では Japanese pampas grass と訳されることもありますが、pampas grass は南米原産の別の植物を指すので、Japanese silver grass のほうが誤解が少なくなります。
里芋と芋名月
十五夜のころは里芋の収穫の時期にあたるため、里芋を供える地域もあり、十五夜の月は「芋名月」とも呼ばれます。月見が収穫への感謝と結びついていることは、英語で由来を説明するときの材料になります。It's also connected to the harvest, so some families offer taro as well. のように言えます。
月のうさぎ
日本では、月の表面の模様を、うさぎが餅をついている姿に見立てます。英語圏には the man in the moon という言い方があり、同じ模様を人の顔に見立てることがあります。この違いは Part 1 の短い答えにも、Part 3 の文化の違いの話にも使えます。
In Japan, people say they can see a rabbit pounding rice cakes on the moon.
I've heard that in English-speaking countries, people often see a face there instead, which they call the man in the moon.
Q. What traditional festivals does your country have?
One I like is tsukimi, which is a moon-viewing festival in autumn. People eat round rice dumplings and enjoy looking at the moon. It's a quiet event, so it's quite different from summer festivals.
which is のあとに a moon-viewing festival in autumn と、何をする行事でいつなのかを入れています。最後の1文で夏祭りと比べ、自分がどう感じているかまで足しています。
Part 2 2分近く話す
Part 2 の Describe a tradition in your country. でお月見を選ぶなら、4つの順番をすべて使います。
Cue Card: Describe a tradition in your country.
I'd like to talk about tsukimi, a moon-viewing tradition in Japan. It takes place in autumn, usually in late September or early October, because the date is based on the old lunar calendar.
On that night, people decorate a spot where they can see the moon with Japanese silver grass and set out small round dumplings made from rice flour. The dumplings are round like the moon, and they're often stacked in a pyramid.
The custom originally came from China, and it's also connected to the harvest. Some families offer taro, because it's harvested around that time.
When I was little, my grandmother used to make the dumplings, and we ate them on the veranda after dinner. These days I usually just buy some at a convenience store, but I still try to look up at the moon that night.
I like this tradition because it doesn't involve anything big or noisy. It's just a chance to slow down and notice the change of season.
Part 3 では、自分の話から離れて、社会全体の傾向を話します。お月見は、行事の形が変わってきた例として使えます。
Q. Are young people interested in traditional culture?
I think many young people don't follow traditions in the traditional way, but they haven't lost interest completely. Take tsukimi, for example. Not many young people put out offerings for the moon, but fast-food chains sell moon-viewing burgers every autumn, and they're really popular. So the tradition is still there, just in a more casual form.
月見バーガーのような季節の商品は、行事が形を変えて残っている一例として使えます。一般論のあとに Take ..., for example. で具体例を1つ出すと、Part 3 の答えに厚みが出ます。